1、主要興(xing)奮大(da)腦(nao)皮(pi)層的(de)藥物，如咖啡因(yin)；

2、主要(yao)興奮(fen)延(yan)腦呼吸中樞的(de)藥物，如尼可剎米；

3、主要興(xing)(xing)(xing)奮(fen)(fen)(fen)脊髓的藥(yao)物，如(ru)(ru)士(shi)的寧。對(dui)延髓生命中(zhong)樞(shu)(shu)有(you)興(xing)(xing)(xing)奮(fen)(fen)(fen)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)的藥(yao)物 .常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的有(you)尼可剎米 、咖(ka)啡因(yin) 、山梗菜堿（ 洛(luo)貝林(lin) ） 、克腦迷、細胞色(se)素C、氯酯(zhi)醒、印防己(ji)毒(du)、美解眠等。本類藥(yao)物如(ru)(ru)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)劑量過大往往會(hui)引起驚厥(jue)、中(zhong)樞(shu)(shu)抑制或昏迷，故須(xu)嚴格掌(zhang)握用(yong)(yong)(yong)量。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于嚴重傳染病和(he)(he)麻醉藥(yao)等中(zhong)樞(shu)(shu)抑制藥(yao)導致的昏迷和(he)(he)呼吸(xi)(xi)抑制。當巴比妥(tuo)類中(zhong)毒(du)時臨床搶救均以(yi)(yi)改善通(tong)氣（如(ru)(ru)吸(xi)(xi)氧、人工(gong)呼吸(xi)(xi)）為主，同時洗胃、導瀉及堿化尿(niao)液（以(yi)(yi)促進排出(chu)），中(zhong)樞(shu)(shu)興(xing)(xing)(xing)奮(fen)(fen)(fen)藥(yao)只(zhi)作為輔助(zhu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)，且首選(xuan)印防己(ji)毒(du)，或搶救時送往醫院(yuan)途中(zhong)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)。尼可剎米（可拉明）能選(xuan)擇性(xing)地興(xing)(xing)(xing)奮(fen)(fen)(fen)延髓呼吸(xi)(xi)中(zhong)樞(shu)(shu)，也可作用(yong)(yong)(yong)于頸(jing)動(dong)(dong)脈體和(he)(he)主動(dong)(dong)脈體化學(xue)感受器(qi)，反射性(xing)地興(xing)(xing)(xing)奮(fen)(fen)(fen)呼吸(xi)(xi)中(zhong)樞(shu)(shu)，使呼吸(xi)(xi)加深加快，對(dui)血管運動(dong)(dong)中(zhong)樞(shu)(shu)也有(you)微弱的興(xing)(xing)(xing)奮(fen)(fen)(fen)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)，一(yi)次靜注(zhu)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)維(wei)持(chi) 5～ 10分鐘(zhong)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)于治(zhi)療中(zhong)樞(shu)(shu)性(xing)呼吸(xi)(xi)抑制和(he)(he)循環(huan)衰竭。